1. Executive Summary
Decision Requested: Approve sending DRB Referral Letter to initiate formal Dispute Review Board proceedings.
- Recommendation: Proceed to DRB on two questions
- Cost Exposure: ~$900K claimed + 91-day TIA (includes ~$10M in delay costs); WSDOT max = limited maintenance cleanout
- Risk Level: Low-to-moderate
Two DRB Questions
- Should the Design-Builder rely on the Reference Document Appendix N1 to construct the Work?
- Is the Design-Builder responsible for all Work related to Vault NW12?
Vault NW12 is an underground concrete drainage box — roughly 291 feet long — buried in the I-405 median near the Canyon Park Park & Ride.
The Contract listed Vault NW12 for fill-and-abandon (Section 2.14.5.6, Stormwater). Skanska’s staging plan routed traffic over the vault, which required load rating, structural analysis, and shoring. During field verification, Skanska found the vault differed significantly from the Appendix N1 as-built drawings — approximately 96 feet longer, segmental precast rather than cast-in-place, with accumulated sediment.
Skanska seeks ~$900,000 + 91-day extension for cleaning, investigation, load rating, and related activities. WSDOT’s position: Reference Documents are informational and relied upon at DB’s own risk (Section 1-01.3, Definitions and Terms, Section 1-02.2, Certifications and Representations); the Contract provided an alternative design path; and the work Skanska performed resulted from its chosen staging approach. WSDOT has offered limited compensation for deferred maintenance cleaning.
TIA 003 (Skanska LTR 261, Oct 2025) includes ~$10M in delay-related costs. WSDOT’s position: delay costs are not compensable without underlying entitlement. WSDOT max exposure = limited maintenance cleanout (Feb 3–13), evaluated as Force Account per Section 1-09.6, Force Account and Appendix D (M51-01).
2. Design-Builder Assertions and WSDOT Position
DB Assertion
Contract drawings, conceptual plans, and Appendix N1 all depicted the same vault dimensions. Skanska relied on this information to develop its proposal. No patent ambiguities were discoverable — vault access lids were inaccessible during bid, covered with grass, with no ladders present. (Skanska LTR 165 (Apr 2025), Skanska LTR 176 (Apr 2025))
WSDOT Position
Section 1-01.3, Definitions and Terms and Section 1-02.2, Certifications and Representations are explicit — Reference Documents are informational and relied upon at DB’s own risk. Section 1-02.4, Certifications and Representations required site examination. The contractual risk allocation does not change based on the magnitude of the discrepancy.
DB Assertion
Cleaning, investigation, load rating, and shoring were necessary to evaluate and prepare Vault NW12 for Skanska’s staging plan. The work was required as part of Segment 3 drainage system evaluation. (Skanska LTR 124 (Feb 2025), Skanska LTR 176 (Apr 2025))
WSDOT Position
Section 2.14.5.6, Stormwater listed Vault NW12 for fill-and-abandon. Skanska’s decision to stage traffic over the vault — rather than proceed toward abandonment — drove the need for load rating, shoring, and structural analysis. Staging and interim works are DB means and methods under Section 2.22.1, Maintenance of Traffic.
DB Assertion
The Load Rating Report was transmitted to WSDOT on May 5, 2025 (BY-CRE-02517). The ongoing review process — including multiple rounds of comments with no confirmed approval date — has prevented the planned traffic switch and caused delay. Skanska seeks a 91-day extension. (Skanska LTR 202 (Jun 2025), Skanska LTR 221 (Aug 2025))
WSDOT Position
Section 2.13.7.4, Bridges and Structures requires the Load Rating Report at least 90 days before opening to traffic. The May 5 document (BY-CRE-02517) was logged as a transmittal, not a formal submittal — the formal PRE submittal (BY-CRE-03898) did not reach WSDOT until November 12, 2025. Regardless of how the May 5 transmittal is classified, Skanska LTR 202 (Jun 2025) acknowledges a planned June 6 traffic date — approximately 31 days after transmittal, against a 90-day contractual requirement.
WSDOT engaged substantively with the May 5 transmittal and raised legitimate technical concerns: structural load factoring, shoring design adequacy for dynamic loading, unknown concrete and rebar properties, confined-space access for rescue, and Doka prop longevity under live traffic. The project record shows four months of iterative technical review (Jun–Sep 2025) with multiple rounds of WSDOT feedback, in-person meetings including WSDOT HQ. At the July 31 meeting, WSDOT presented analysis showing shoring may not have been needed — an alternative that would have simplified the load rating path entirely.
When Skanska did submit formally (BY-CRE-03898 PRE, Nov 12), WSDOT returned comments within 5 days (Nov 17). Skanska addressed the comments and transmitted the RFC (BY-CRE-04073) within 7 days (Nov 24). The formal submittal process moved quickly; the extended timeline resulted from the technical complexity of the chosen shoring approach and the iterative resolution of engineering concerns raised during review.
Note: Procore shows no review comments for BY-CRE-02517, while the RCSR in project files shows 14 WSDOT comments. The record does not show how these comments were resolved. Substantive review activity occurred outside the formal Procore workflow, particularly via email between the project structures team and Skanska (Jun 4 – Sep 4, 2025).
DB Assertion
Vault NW12 had never been cleaned; sediment accumulation required significant removal effort. Skanska seeks compensation for all cleaning, investigation, and related activities. (Skanska LTR 165 (Apr 2025), Skanska LTR 176 (Apr 2025), Skanska LTR 202 (Jun 2025))
WSDOT Position
WSDOT acknowledges deferred maintenance and offers limited compensation for the Feb 3–13 initial cleanout, evaluated as Force Account per Section 1-09.4, Equitable Adjustment/Section 1-09.6, Force Account and Appendix D (M51-01). Work beyond that window — shoring, lid investigation, scanning, structural modifications — was driven by DB’s design approach, not maintenance restoration.
Highway Runoff Manual Table 5-12 defines maintenance standards for closed treatment systems. Required maintenance is limited to sediment removal, clearing plugged air vents, sealing open joints, and repairing structural cracks. None of these standards require load rating analysis, shoring design, lid thickness investigation, or traffic staging support.
DB Assertion
As the highway owner, WSDOT had knowledge of and responsibility for infrastructure within its right of way. (Note: Skanska has not specifically characterized Vault NW12 as a “utility” in protest correspondence. If this characterization arises, WSDOT has a prepared response.)
WSDOT Position
Vault NW12 is highway drainage infrastructure excluded from “utility” classification under WAC 468-34-110(52). The Contract’s Reference Document disclaimers apply.
3. Risk
Strengths
- Three consistent written denials — WSDOT SL 079 (Feb 2025), WSDOT SL 106 (Apr 2025), WSDOT SL 131 (Jul 2025) — anchored to specific Contract provisions
- Unambiguous Reference Document language (Section 1-01.3, Definitions and Terms, Section 1-02.2, Certifications and Representations)
- 31-day vs 90-day gap is Skanska's own factual admission in Skanska LTR 202 (Jun 2025)
- Partnering posture with limited maintenance offer demonstrates good faith
- Contract provided fill-and-abandon alternative (Section 2.14.5.6, Stormwater) that would have bypassed the need for load rating and shoring
- TIA 003 (Skanska LTR 261, Oct 2025) includes ~$10M in delay costs; delay costs are moot without underlying entitlement
Potential Weaknesses
- 49% vault length increase may generate DRB sympathy regardless of contract language
- Tangible work was performed — DRB may be reluctant to allocate all risk to DB
- DRBs tend toward compromise recommendations
- Procedural defense may appear form-over-substance to panel
- Extended load rating review duration may create narrative of WSDOT delay
Defense Layering
| Layer | Defense | Use In |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Reference Documents = informational, at own risk (Section 1-01.3 · 1-02.2 · 1-02.4) | DRB Referral |
| 2. | Interim works = DB means and methods (Section 2.22.1 · 2.14.5.6) | DRB Referral |
| 3. | Load rating timing = DB’s planning responsibility (Section 2.13.7.4) | DRB Referral |
| 4. | Limited maintenance cleanout offer (Feb 3–13) — partnering good faith | DRB Hearing |
| 5. | Vault = highway infrastructure, not “utility” (WAC 468-34-110(52)) | Reserve |
Fallback Position
If DRB recommends partial compensation beyond the Feb 3-13 window: accept limited investigation costs (survey, inspection) with no schedule extension. Resist any recommendation undermining the Reference Document risk framework — this precedent affects all future protests on this project.
4. Chronology
| Date | Party | Event | Document |
|---|---|---|---|
| Draft | WSDOT | DRB Referral Letter | SL 9727-XXX |
| 2025-11-24 | Skanska | Load Rating Report RFC transmitted (BY-CRE-04073) | Procore |
| 2025-11-17 | WSDOT | Returns BY-CRE-03898 — “Exceptions as Noted” (5 comments) | Procore |
| 2025-11-12 | Skanska | Load Rating Report formal PRE submittal (BY-CRE-03898) | Procore |
| 2025-10-28 | Skanska | TIA 003: 91-day extension request | LTR 261 |
| 2025-10-31 | Skanska | Load Rating Report enters DB internal review (BY-CRE-03898) | Procore |
| 2025-09-04 | Both | Meeting: screw jack AASHTO LRFD requirements | |
| 2025-08-21 | WSDOT | HQ structural comments shared with Skanska | |
| 2025-08-27 | WSDOT | Acknowledges; directs Dispute Referral | SL 145 |
| 2025-08-13 | Skanska | Requests DRB resolution | LTR 221 |
| 2025-08-05 | Both | Meeting: Skanska and WSDOT HQ — load rating follow-up | |
| 2025-07-31 | Both | Meeting: WSDOT presents analysis showing shoring may not be needed | |
| 2025-07-31 | WSDOT | 2nd Written Determination — Feb 3-13 window; 90-day rule | SL 131 |
| 2025-07-22 | WSDOT | Load rating feedback: factored loads, post spacing, shoring design | |
| 2025-07-09 | Both | In-person meeting with WSDOT HQ — vault access main concern | |
| 2025-07-07 | Skanska | OTS load rating responses submitted | |
| 2025-06-25 | Skanska | Revised supplement with updated cost data | LTR 202 |
| 2025-06-25 | WSDOT | Reiterates load rating concerns — same items unaddressed | |
| 2025-06-19 | WSDOT | No merit; cites Section 1-04.5 waiver language | SL 121 |
| 2025-06-17 | WSDOT | Load rating feedback: access, unknown materials, shoring concerns | |
| 2025-06-05 | Skanska | Cleaning + shoring supplement (>14 days after SL 106) | LTR 198 |
| 2025-06-04 | Skanska | Load rating responses and calcs sent via email | |
| 2025-05-27 | Skanska | Cleaning cost supplement (later rescinded) | LTR 195 |
| 2025-05-05 | Skanska | Load Rating Report transmitted (BY-CRE-02517); RCSR shows 14 WSDOT comments | Procore |
| 2025-04-29 | WSDOT | 1st Written Determination — no merit for design/construction | SL 106 |
| 2025-04-15 | Skanska | Supplement: ~$900K ROM, no schedule analysis | LTR 176 |
| 2025-04-04 | WSDOT | Acknowledges protest; supplement by 4/15 | SL 092 |
| 2025-04-01 | Skanska | Files Notice of Protest 001 | LTR 165 |
| 2025-03-20 | WSDOT | Reaffirms no change condition | SL 088 |
| 2025-03-06 | Skanska | Requests reconsideration | LTR 145 |
| 2025-02-21 | WSDOT | Denies change condition — Ref Doc risk | SL 079 |
| 2025-02-13 | — | Maintenance cleanout window ends | — |
| 2025-02-13 | Skanska | Requests Owner-Initiated Change | LTR 124 |
| 2025-02-03 | — | Vault NW12 cleaning begins | — |
5. Cost & Time
Skanska's Claim
| Category | Amount |
|---|---|
| Vault cleaning and sediment removal | Included in ~$900K |
| Survey and inspection | Included in ~$900K |
| Load rating analysis | Included in ~$900K |
| Internal shoring and structural modifications | Included in ~$900K |
| Demolition and design modifications | Included in ~$900K |
| Total Cost Claimed | ~$900,000 |
| Schedule Extension (TIA 003) | 91 calendar days |
WSDOT Exposure Scenarios
| Scenario | Cost | Time |
|---|---|---|
| WSDOT position (Feb 3-13 cleanout) | Force Account per Section 1-09.6, Force Account, Appendix D (M51-01) | None |
| DRB expands maintenance window | Additional cleaning days | None |
| DRB partially favors on design work | Limited investigation costs | Possible limited |
| Worst case | Portion of ~$900K | Portion of 91 days |
TIA 003 (Skanska LTR 261, Oct 2025) includes approximately $10M in delay-related costs. WSDOT’s position: delay costs are not compensable without underlying entitlement to the claimed work.